|
Title
|
Hesperidin and raffinose dietary supplementation
enhances immune responses, antioxidant-related
gene expression, hematological parameters, and
growth performance in juvenile common carp
(Cyprinus carpio)
|
|
Keywords
|
antioxidant response, feed additive, functional feed, immune
response, immunostimulant
|
|
Abstract
|
This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of
two dietary immunomodulators, raffinose and hesperidin,
on multiple physiological parameters in common carp
(Cyprinus carpio), including growth performance, feed effi-
ciency, hematological indices, serum immunological markers,
and the expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity.
Fish with an initial weight of 33.94 ± 1.45 g were fed the
following experimental diets for 56 days: control (without
supplementation, T1 ), 2.0 g kg1 raffinose (T 2), 150 mg kg1
hesperidin (T 3), and 2.0 g kg1 raffinose + 150 mg kg1
hesperidin (T 4). At the end of the trial, common carp from
the T4 and T1 groups displayed the highest (29.1 ± 0.83 g)
and the lowest (18.7 ± 1.06 g) body weight gain values,
respectively. The highest growth performance, feed effi-
ciency, total leukocyte counts, the nonspecific humoral
(lysozyme, total immunoglobulin, total protein, ACH50, anti-
oxidant status related genes), and cellular (phagocyticcapacity and respiratory burst activity) responses and other
hematological parameters were found in fish from the T4
group (p < 0.05). Feeding common carp with diets sup-
plemented with raffinose and hesperidin (single or in combi-
nation) significantly increased the expression of
antioxidative stress enzymes (cat, gpx, sod) in the liver,
changes that were coupled to a decrease in
malondialdehyde levels in serum (p < 0.05). These findings
suggest that supplementing common carp diets with
2.0 g kg1 raffinose and 150 mg kg1 hesperidin
(T4) effectively improved growth performance and immune
response and reduced oxidative stress.
|