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Abstract
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For the first time, we report the synthesis and utilization of a new magnetic nanocomposite, consisting of
Fe3O4, -Alanine (Ala) and Pd (Fe3O4/Ala/Pd), as a highly sensitive sensor for determination of clozapine
(CLZ) at biological pH (7.2) using glassy carbon electrode. The nanocomposite structure was confirmed
by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The construction of modified
electrode was performed through the dropping of Fe3O4/-Ala/Pd immobilized on the surface of a glassy
carbon electrode. The influence of the effective parameters on the electrochemical behavior of CLZ was
investigated. Under optimized conditions, the designed sensor was used for determination of nanomolar
levels ofCLZ. The relationshipbetweenpeak current andthe concentrationofCLZ was linear inthe range of
3–70 nM with a detection limit of 1.53 nM through differential pulse voltammetry. The relative standard
deviation (RSD%) for seven parallel determination of 120 nM CLZ at optimum conditions was found to
be 3.2%. The modified electrode exhibited a good sensitivity, stability and reproducibility. The relative
standard deviation (RSD%) of 3.6% was obtained to evaluate of electrode-to-electrode reproducibility.
Furthermore, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of CLZ in real samples.
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