علی رسولی

Since the beginning of the history of the Persian Gulf, since the Sumerian wrote the name 'Narmaratu" (the salty sea) on their slates, three distinct periods can be recognized in the international role of the Gulf. From the third millennium B.C. , among the Sumerian and peoples of the Indus valley, commerce began by the sea until the beginning of the fifteenth century, when the Portuguese colonists closed on Iranian and Persian traders and set fire to ships, the Persian Gulf was the central focus of the world trade. In these four thousand and five hundred years, the generation of the inhabitants of these shores came together; they married, fought, made peace, and always exchanged goods from the east and west of the world. This long history transformed them to the leading merchants of the ancient and middle world, which was one of the leading causes of civilization, both in ancient and Islamic periods . The entry of European colonists at the beginning of the fifteenth century ended the central and focal role of the Gulf in the world trade. Portuguese, British, and Dutch were established one after another with sailing in the Gulf. They not only benefited from the profits made by the business of the region, but also reduced the Persian Gulf from the central position, to the peripheral position in the world trade. Since this time, the Persian Gulf is no longer considered important because of the transit role in trade between the east and west of the world but also for certain raw materials and the selling market that will be available to the manufacturers and merchants of western Europe . The third and last period of the Persian Gulf history was obtained by developing oil extraction in the 20th century. The main faces of the region were extracted, refinery and transmission pipelines. The Gulf was doubly important to the world again, without the centrality of commerce as its inherent part. Thus, contrary to the flashy appearance of oil revenue, the central role of the Pe