Background: After cellulose, chitin is the most abundant natural polysaccharide on earth, and due to its non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable nature, it has various applications in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and chemical industries. Chitin-based composites have attracted attention due to their antibacterial and catalytic properties. The extraction of such composites in a single step from shrimp waste, with the help of green and environmentally friendly solvents, is important from an ecological point of view.
Aim: The aim of this study is single-step extraction of chitin/nickel composite from Persian Gulf green tiger shrimp waste and investigate its antibacterial properties and its catalytic effect in the synthesis of carbamates.
Methodology: In this research, an aqueous solution of urea/nickel acetate deep eutectic solvent was prepared and used to extract chitin/nickel composite. The effect of parameters such as temperature, time, solvent concentration and ratio of solvent to sample was studied. The antibacterial properties of the synthesized composite were studied by examining the growth inhibition percentage of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria using spectrophotometric method. Also, the effect of the synthesized chitin/nickel catalyst in the synthesis reaction of several derivatives of carbamates from the reaction between 1,3-dicarbonyls and DMF was investigated.
Conclusions: After checking the effective parameters, at a temperature of 130 ℃ and a duration of 15 hours, with an aqueous solution of 30% w/w of urea/nickel acetate deep eutectic solvent and a ratio of solvent to sample of 1:60, chitin/nickel composite with an efficiency of 96.9% containing 1.3% Calcium, 1.8% protein and 34% nickel were obtained. The most antibacterial property of the composite is related to Escherichia coli bacteria. Also, the catalytic activity of the synthesized composite was investigated in the oxidative coupling reaction of 1,3-dicarbon