The waterway of the Persian Gulf, which was one of the main centers of international trade and exchange in the past and became more important in the last century with the emergence of oil, has long been one of the important fishing grounds due to the diversity of aquatic life. The reason for the famine and the lack of food, especially protein materials, was the interest of managers and politicians to form a fisheries company in the south after years of establishment of fisheries in the north. With the establishment of the South Iran Fisheries Joint Stock Company, an effective step was taken in establishing and targeting fishing until 1350, with the approval of the parliament, this company was required to create, supervise and organize fishermen's cooperatives in the southern coast of the country, so that through this company, programs Fisheries in the south of the country reach their ultimate goals. The creation of the fishermen's cooperative of this joint-stock company, while introducing fishermen to modern fishing items and tools, as well as teaching new fishing methods, has been economically and socially effective to some extent on the members and their families. The problem of this research is to investigate and explain the fishing situation and the formation of the fishing cooperative in Bushehr province and its economic and social impact on the lives of the fishermen of this region during the Pahlavi period. This research, using descriptive-analytical method and relying on documents, investigated and described how to form the South Iranian Fisheries Company and promulgate the law on the establishment of fishermen's cooperatives and how to form these cooperatives. According to the findings of this research, the activities of the Fishermen's Cooperative Company in Bushehr region brought economic and social benefits for the fishermen and the Fishermen's Cooperative, which in the Pahlavi period were in line with the policies of international organizations, institu