Background: Wheat as one of the most important crops for humans in terms of yield, quality and appearance, has experienced significant progress in recent decades. Due to the increasing population and the need to increase wheat production, it is necessary to use wheat genetic resources to create relatively tolerant cultivars. Salinity is an important environmental stress that is one of the main causes of reduced productivity in agricultural products such as wheat.
Aim: Awareness of genetic diversity and management of genetic resources is an important component of breeding projects; Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity in bread and durum wheat genotypes under salinity stress based on morphophysiological traits.
Methodology This experiment is a split plot in a randomized complete block design on 14 genotypes and 6 different wheat lines with three salinity levels (irrigation with normal water and irrigation with saline water with salinity of 40 and 80 mM) with three replications in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Resources. Naturalization of the Persian Gulf was done. Morphological traits such as plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, peduncle length, number of leaves per plant, length of main stem spike with awn, awn length, number of fertile spikes per spike, number of seeds per spike, spike weight, seed weight per Spike, 1000-seed weight, grain yield per plant and phytochemical traits including chlorophyll a, b, total and proline content were measured.
Conclusions: The results showed that with increasing salinity, yield and yield components did not change significantly, but traits such as plant height, flag leaf length and width, number of leaves, chandelier length, spike length with awn, length of awn and total chlorophyll decreased and proline increased. Find. Comparison of the mean effect of different wheat cultivars on grain yield per single plant showed that line 123, Karim cultivar and line 117 with va