gholamreza Ahmadi

The increasing complexity and dependence on electronic equipment in smart grids has doubled the importance of protecting them against damage caused by overvoltage and overcurrent. This research aims to design and analyze modern electronic protection circuits and investigate solutions to increase the stability and lifespan of equipment in dynamic smart grid environments. In this study, we investigated the behavior and performance of the proposed circuits using a combined methodology including theoretical analysis, simulation with specialized software, and laboratory prototype construction. The key findings of the research show that the combined protection circuit including varistor, zener diode, and fast current detection circuits is able to respond to overvoltage and overcurrent in a fraction of a millisecond and direct sudden currents to ground. In addition to providing high protection performance, this circuit is less complex and less expensive than traditional protection systems. The results obtained have a significant impact on reducing maintenance costs, increasing network reliability, and ensuring service continuity in critical infrastructures. This research paves the way for the development of a new generation of intelligent and efficient protection systems that can contribute to the greater stability and security of future smart grids.