طیبه ادریسی

One of the most important and influential social and cultural changes of the Iranian society in the Qajar era was the transformation in the educational system and the promotion of new science. Until the 19th century the Iranian educational system was called Old – Fashioned Primary School (Maktabkhaneh) and teachers were doing education based on the environment and society in which they lived and there was no single procedure in the educational system. The ruling discourse on the educational system was also a jurisprudential and religious discourse. Since the middle of the 19th century, In particular, since the reign of Nasir al-Din Shah, the educational system has changed. The main questions of this article are what were the causes and factors behind the promotion of the new sciences in Iran, and who were the main agents in the development of modern science in Iran during the Qajar era? The authors of this article believe that due to Iran's failure against foreign powers, the ineffectiveness of the old science agents in responding to the needs of society as well as the extensive activities of Foreign Missionary, some of the country's elites have helped in the establishment of the school and contributed to the promotion of new sciences in Iran.