gholamreza Abdi

The role of bacteriophages in transforming genetics, molecular biology, and synthetic biology has been significant. With the help of phages, gene circuits can be created, allowing complex biological systems to be programmed with precision. Their remarkable specificity makes them promising candidates for next-generation antibacterial therapeutics and diagnostic agents. The evolving initiatives in synthetic biology have further increased the engineering capacity of phages, now casting them as multifunctional frameworks for the creation of programmable biomaterials. Phages serve as the basis for advanced directed evolution methods, which significantly speed up the refinement and original creation of new biological functions. In this review, the authors compile recent advances and explain how biotechnological phage innovations shift the focus on modern challenges.