The study of fictional works from formalist and structuralist perspectives is of paramount importance for uncovering the latent themes, meanings, and prevailing discourses within a text. In modern literary criticism, time is regarded as the most significant and expansive narrative element. It constitutes a fundamental pillar in the construction of a novel, serving as the framework within which events are organized and characters are distributed. No novel can be decoupled from its temporal structure, as narration is essentially the rearrangement of events from the narrator’s perspective, thereby playing a pivotal role in shaping the reader’s perception and directing their understanding of the plot’s intricacies. Accordingly, narrative anachronies stand as one of the most prominent tools in shaping time within the modern novel. This technique relies on creating a divergence between "story time" and "discourse time," where the narrator intervenes in the traditional chronological order. By employing techniques such as forestalling, flashback, or even omission, temporal gaps are created that stimulate the reader to explore and interpret their significance. From a semantic perspective, resistance has emerged as a vital theme in the modern Arabic novel, particularly following the rise of the Palestinian cause. Arab novelists have extensively integrated this discursive concept into their narratives. Time, along with other narrative techniques, serves as a versatile mechanism for identifying the dimensions of resistance within the text, especially in Palestinian narratives. Given the significance of time and resistance, this study aims to highlight how Ibrahim Al-Sa'afin employs temporal techniques in his novel, Birds of Passage, to serve the themes of identity, alienation, and resistance. To achieve this, the research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, examining three primary axes of time based on Gérard Genette’s theory: first, temporal order and its main techniques