Hossein Mohtadi

Narratology is a branch of literary criticism that aims to linguistically analyze the narrative process in literary texts. This field examines the structures, methods, and narrative techniques that authors use to represent stories. The present study employs a descriptive-analytical method, based on Gérard Genette’s theory of narrative mood, to analyze the novel The Spectrum of Anin Al-Nai by Maha Hassan Qasrawi, a contemporary Palestinian author. The aim of this study is to investigate the modes of narrative representation and types of focalization used in the novel, in order to clarify their role in shaping the reader’s proximity to the characters and the overall structure of the story. This work was selected due to its use of stream of consciousness and multilayered narration, which reflect the complex condition of the Palestinian people under exile and occupation. The findings indicate that the author effectively employs various forms of speech—direct, indirect, and free indirect discourse—to reduce the distance between narrative and story. Moreover, through the use of variable internal focalization, the narrative is conveyed from the perspectives of different characters, thereby enhancing the emotional connection between the reader and the characters.