A green solventless protocol for Michael addition of phthalimide and saccharin to acrylic acid esters in the presence of zinc oxide as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst, By Alireza Hasaninejad

Research

Title	A green solventless protocol for Michael addition of phthalimide and saccharin to acrylic acid esters in the presence of zinc oxide as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst
Type	Article
Keywords	Michael addition, phthalimide, saccharin, acrylic acid ester, solventless, zinc oxide
Journal	ARKIVOC
DOI	10.3998/ark.5550190.0008.107
Researchers	Abdolkarim Zare (First researcher) , Alireza Hasaninejad (Second researcher) , Ali Khalafi-Nezhad (Third researcher) , Ahmad Reza Moosavi-Zare (Fourth researcher) , Abolfath Parhami (Fifth researcher) , Gholam Reza Nejabat (Not in first six researchers)

Abstract

A very simple and efficient solvent-free procedure for the synthesis of N-alkyl derivatives of phthalimide and saccharin is described. Michael addition of phthalimide and saccharin to acrylic acid esters in the presence of catalytic amount of zinc oxide (ZnO) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) under microwave and thermal conditions affords the title compounds. The advantages of this method are high yields, short reaction times, low cost and matching with green chemistry protocols.