سیدعبداللطیف هاشمی فرد

With regard to sustainable development goals (SDG) 6, access to reliable water is an important and vital challenge in the world. In this study, 4 desalination plants based on reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and membrane distillation (MD) were investigated with a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to be implemented in Persian Gulf region. The individual RO, hybrid RO-RO, hybrid NF-RO, and hybrid RO-MD systems were evaluated from the perspective of freshwater recovery rate, climate change potential (global warming), eutrophication potential, ecotoxicity potential, and fossil depletion potential. It has been found the RO-MD and RO-RO were able to achieve the aim of minimal or minimum liquid discharge (MLD) strategy. Although the NF-RO is able to be used in MLD and ZLD technologies for seawater desalination, it is not appropriate approach for brackish water desalination to achieve the MLD strategy.