احمد شادی

In the synthesis of nanoparticles in physical and chemical methods, high ‎temperature and high operational pressure is required, and besides, there are other ‎disadvantages such as pollution due to the use of various chemical materials, ‎costly, low efficiency and gross products. Today, the use of biological methods to ‎produce nanoparticles with minimum pollution for the environment and human is ‎considered. in this method , which is known as green chemistry or biological ‎synthesis , species of living organisms such as bacteria , fungi , plants , algae , are ‎used for the synthesis of nanoparticles , in which algae , because of the abundance ‎‎, diversity and existence of effective secondary metabolites , have many important ‎at the adsorption of nanoparticles . In the biological synthesis of nanoparticles, ‎natural ingredients in plant extracts are harmful to chemical compounds such as ‎enzymes, carbohydrates and terpenoid. in this study , the water extract of three ‎species of brown algae was used as selective and pure biosynthesis, in this method ‎Sargassum latifolium brown algae, Cystoseira myrica‏ ‏and Padina australis hauck ‎were used in the presence of solution containing copper (II) sulfate, which ‎resulted in the production of copper (I)‎‏ ‏oxide‏ ‏nanoparticles in red , orange and ‎yellow . In order to verify the synthesis of nanoparticles and to investigate their ‎properties and characteristics, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used with scanning ‎electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which ‎confirmed the synthesis of copper (I)‎‏ ‏oxide‏ ‏nanoparticles in the size of 10 to 30 ‎nm in spherical shapes and high purity. The synthesized nanoparticles were then ‎selected in the presence of sargassum algae and cystoseira due to high purity to ‎study the anti - bacterial effect. in this study , the effect of nanoparticles on ‎positive warm bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), MBC bacteria (Pseudomonas ‎aureus) and MIC bacteria (E. coli) sho