December 6, 2025
Persian Gulf University
فارسی
Abdosaleh Zar
Academic Rank:
Associate professor
Address:
—
Degree:
Ph.D in exercise physiology
Phone:
09387228086
Faculty:
Faculty of Humanities
E-mail:
salehzar [at] pgu [dot] ac [dot] ir
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Title
Examining the prevalence of consumption, the reasons for using supplements and energy-enhancing drugs and the effects of their abuse among bowling and billiards coaches and athletes in Iran.
Type
Article
Keywords
داروهاي نيروزا دوپينگ بولينگ بيليارد
Journal
پژوهش در تغذیه ورزشی
DOI
10.22034/ren.2025.142482.1065
Researchers
Abdosaleh Zar (First researcher)
,
khadijeh mohseni (Second researcher)
,
atusa zandevakili (Third researcher)
,
fatemeh mosavi (Fourth researcher)
Abstract
im: Nowadays, the prevalence of energy consumption among athletes has increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of consumption, the reasons for the use of supplements and energy-enhancing drugs and the effects of its abuse in bowling and billiards coaches and athletes in Iran. Method: 371 people were selected as a statistical sample according to the total number of the statistical population based on Cochran's formula. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire among coaches and athletes in bowling and billiard clubs in Iran. SPSS version 26 software was used to analyze the data from the questionnaire. Results: 18.1% of all participants were active in both billiards and bowling, and 140 people (37.6% of all athletes) used steroid drugs for reasons of increasing strength and muscle mass. In general, the number of 84 male and female athletes (22.6% of all athletes) agreed on the side effects of taking anabolic steroid drugs in the factor of aggression. Conclusion It seems that according to the attitude regarding the consumption of energizing substances among the athletes of bowling and billiards, it is necessary to design and plan to increase awareness about the side effects and harms of this category of compounds among the athletes in order to Its irreparable consequences should be prevented in Iran.