Abdolkarim Zare

A newly designed nanocomposite, namely [SiO2@Si-pr-NMe2-et-NMe2-pr-Si@SiO2][CoCl3][HSO4], was successfully manufactured, and thoroughly analyzed using multiple characterization methods. These comprehensive analyses include XRD (X-ray diffraction) for detailed crystallographic analysis, FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) for precise morphological examination and surface characterization, EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) for accurate elemental composition determination, elemental mapping for distribution analysis across the surface, and FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) for specific functional group identification and molecular structure verification. The developed nanocomposite exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and remarkable efficiency in the solvent-free fabrication of a class of biologically important compounds, namely 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, via the one-pot condensation reaction of various aryl aldehydes with ethyl acetoacetate and urea. This heterogeneous catalytic system afforded the products in high yields (87-97%). The reaction times were relatively short, typically between 20 and 30 min. The system maintained excellent reusability and effective performance over multiple catalytic cycles, representing an efficient and sustainable approach for organic synthesis.