Abstract
Abstract
At the end of the Qajar dynasty, when the situation in Iran was affected by the chaotic internal conditions and the failure of constitutional governments to establish order and security on the one hand, and the chaos caused by global developments and World War I on the other, the Southern Police Force was established under the command of the British General Sir Percy Sykes, under the pretext of establishing order in southern Iran. In the midst of World War I, Iranian pessimism towards Russia and England increased sharply, and the presence of the Germans, especially in the south, caused reactions among Iranians, including the Qashqais and Bakhtiaris, as well as the people of the cities of Kazerun, Bushehr, Ahram, and Neyriz, towards the Allies. These conditions and other factors greatly emphasized the role of the Southern Police Force for the British.
One of the cities that was the scene of the invasion and invasion of the Southern Police Forces during this period was Neyriz, where the Khamseh province and especially the Arab tribe that lived in this area had conflicts with this foreign force; While the presidency of the Khamsa province was held by Qavam al-Mulk, who was known for his support for the British, the people of the Khamsa province, and especially the Arab tribe, were anti-British. This raises the question of what was the reason for the opposition of the Khamsa province, and especially the Arab tribe, to the Ilkhanate itself, against the force under the control of the British. The central hypothesis of this research suggests that the reason for the Arab tribe's opposition to the southern police was one of the Iranian identity formed in this tribe due to their residence in the cradle of Iranian civilization, namely Fars, and the other was the imposition and fabrication of the Khamsa province confederation and the tribe's disobedience to the imposed Ilkhan, namely Qavam. The research findings confirm this hypothesis. The method of this research is d