Literature became closely related to social and cultural issues, and since the novel has reached the artistic level and the emergence of realism, it expresses many important and dominant issues in human existence, and the reason for this is the influence that living reality has on literary genres in general and novels in particular. Yes, because of its ability to explore different contexts, which investigates society, the novel is influenced by the reality of life and also influences social development and cultural awareness. The contemporary Arabic novel appeared with a delay compared to its western counterpart; But it quickly progressed towards modern realism and created a new resistance literature; Especially after the failure of 1967 - Israel's war with the Arab countries, competition with international novels in social, cultural, political, resistance and other human issues was raised and for us the social-cultural structure and living reality and the fateful developments that took place in the Arab world and Islam has occurred, he drew. The Arab people are suffering from the injustice and persecution of the tyrannical politicians inside and the Zionist enemies who came from abroad to dominate them, so the reader realizes that the novelist is writing about the events that he went through according to his realistic point of view. The Lebanese writer "Abd al-Majid Zaraqt" and his novel "Tariq al-Shams" is a prominent testimony of the transformations that the region has undergone in terms of injustice, aggression and displacement suffered by the people of Palestine and South Lebanon during a period of time in the last century. In our study, we followed the descriptive-analytical approach, in order to discover the social realities in southern Lebanon and how the author was able to draw the socio-cultural structure of his novel, and depict the most important events and events and their extent, including the disasters. that the people of southern Lebanon suffered as