Background: Nanoparticles of biological origin as targeted drug delivery is
one of the strategies that have been considered in recent years to improve the
effects of anticancer drugs. Unicellular diatom microalgae are a promising source
of bioporous silica.
Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficiency
of diatom chitocerus siliceous shell as a carrier loaded by antibody and doxorubicin
drug on Raji cells (type B lymphoid cells).
Methodology: Porous bio-silica was cleaned and prepared using diatom
chitocerus shell using distilled water, hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid.
Surface modification was done under argon conditions with GPTMS material.
Then, doxorubicin drug was loaded on the modified biosilica and anti-CD19
antibody was attached to Raji cells for targeted binding. Characterization, stability,
volume and porosity evaluation, zeta potential and particle size, drug loading and
investigation of the designed drug delivery system using TGA test, X-ray
diffraction spectrometer (XRD), BET analysis, Zeta Analyzer, DLS, optical
microscope and invert fluorescent, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and
ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) were performed. The ability of the
nanocarrier to kill Raji target cells was investigated by the MTT cytotoxicity test.
Jorket cell was used as a non-target cell to compare and evaluate the targeted drug
delivery system.
Conclusions: The results of this research show that the modified silica structure
has a special ability in targeted drug delivery. So that the loaded antibody causes
more concentrated binding and release in the target cells, which increases
efficiency and reduces side effects. Further research is suggested to investigate the
biocompatibility of carriers based on diatoms in vivo.