Habibollah Saeidinia

The oil industry was a pivotal phenomenon during the second Pahlavi era that influenced the economic and social structure of rural Iranian society. During this period, oil revenues, through development programs, had a great impact on various aspects of development in various fields One of the areas affected by oil revenues was rural development. One of the areas affected by oil revenues was rural development. However, in the Third to Fifth Development Plans, due to the method of allocating oil revenues and differing priorities, it had a lower priority. This research aims to analyze the role and impact of the third to fifth development plans on the development and modernization of rural society, as well as to examine the share of allocations to this sector compared to others. Using a historical method with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on historical sources, official documents, and statistics, the study seeks to answer the question of how oil revenues during the development plans have impacted the development of rural society. Research findings indicate that rural development programs in the field of civil engineering, compared to various dimensions of development in other fields, have failed to achieve their quantitative and qualitative objectives. Ambiguity in policies, reduced investment in the rural sector, a lack of facilities, and executive disharmony during the third to fifth Five-Year Development Plans led to a decline in rural production and employment, and consequently, an increase in the migration of villagers to cities.