The scarcity of drinking water is among the most significant environmental challenges facing human societies in the present century. This issue has led to an increasing effort to identify sustainable approaches for providing potable water, particularly through seawater desalination. Given the urgent shortage of drinking water in Bandar Bushehr, this study represents the first attempt to design a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit for Persian Gulf water to meet the drinking water needs of the city's population. Additionally, this study aims to comprehensively quantify the environmental impacts, greenhouse gas emissions, and the energy requirements of the project. In this study, field evidence was collected by sampling from three points along the coast of Bushehr, and the physicochemical properties of the water were determined. Subsequently, the desalination system was designed based on the city's water demands using the WAVE software. Finally, the environmental impacts, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy requirements were quantified using the SimaPro software (v9.4) and the Ecoinvent (v.3.4) database. For this purpose, data were compiled from laboratory studies and various experiments. Standard ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 guidelines were utilized for standardization and conducting comparative analyses. To analyze the data and assess the life cycle, the production of 1 cubic meter of drinking water was evaluated using the ReCiPe2016 method, energy consumption was calculated using the Chemical Energy Demand (CED) method, and greenhouse gas emissions were assessed using the IPCC method. The results indicated that the most significant environmental impact of producing potable water from the Persian Gulf using reverse osmosis was primarily on human carcinogenic toxicity (61%), followed by global warming (16%). In most categories, the observed impacts were influenced by the initial parameters of the feed water, primarily involving the factors Na+> Ca+2> Cl-> K+. The fina