محمد واقفی

This study aims to investigate the bed change and scouring characteristics in a sharp 180-degree bend due to the establishment of triple vertical-inclined piers with various arrangements. Experiments were conducted in conditions of motion threshold and uniform sediment size. The results show that the maximum scour depth due to the establishment of a convergent-vertical group pier is equivalent to 104% of the flow depth. On the other hand, a divergent-vertical group pier, which has the lowest value of this parameter, results in about 80% of flow depth. The maximum height of sedimentation with the establishment of group pier divergent-vertical on the normal plane to the stream is created when this value reaches 63% of flow depth at the end of the straight portion of the channel. The maximum and minimum hole volume due to the establishment of grouped divergent-vertical piers oriented in the normal plane to the stream and convergent-vertical group piers is calculated in a streamwise condition.