Najmeh Nowrouzi

In the first part of this study, in order to expand carbonylation reaction and introduce carbonyl sources replacing carbon monoxide gas, a new method for the synthesis of benzamides was presented in which acetamide and aryl halide derivatives were used as starting materials. In this method, chromium hexacarbonyl was used as a carbonyl source for one-pot synthesis of benzamides in the presence of palladium acetate catalyst without need for ligands or other additives. In the second part, in order to continue study on carbonylation reaction, urea derivatives were synthesized. In this method, aryl halides were converted to aroyl azides in the presence of chromium hexacarbonyl, sodium azide and palladium acetate catalyst. Curtius rearrangement of aroyl azides and nucleophilic addition of amines sequentially occur to afford the products in good to excellent yields. This protocol operates in one-pot and one-step. In the last part, the carboxylation reaction was investigated by activating the carbon-hydrogen bond, which is a type of carbonylation reaction. For this purpose, acetanilides were used as the starting material, which due to the presence of the directing group in its structure, the carboxylation reaction is performed selectively in their ortho position. In this one-pot procedure acetanilides were converted to the corresponding anthranilic acids in the presence of chromium hexacarbonyl, para toluene sulfonic acid, benzoquinone and palladium acetate.