Reza Azin

A􀀁steady-state􀀁simulation􀀁is􀀁performed􀀁to􀀁calculate􀀁the􀀁mass􀀁and􀀁energy􀀁flows􀀁of􀀁the􀀁 HTL􀀁process.􀀁The􀀁schematic􀀁of􀀁the􀀁simulated􀀁process􀀁with􀀁the􀀁main􀀁equipment􀀁is􀀁 shown􀀁in􀀁Fig.􀀁4.1.􀀁The􀀁feed􀀁slurry􀀁contains􀀁algae􀀁and􀀁water.􀀁Two􀀁pumps􀀁and􀀁one􀀁 heat􀀁exchanger􀀁are􀀁used􀀁to􀀁pressurize􀀁and􀀁preheat􀀁the􀀁feed􀀁to􀀁the􀀁HTL􀀁reactor.􀀁The􀀁 algae-water􀀁slurry􀀁is􀀁pumped􀀁and􀀁heated􀀁in􀀁the􀀁exchanger.􀀁The􀀁preheated􀀁feed􀀁reacts􀀁 and􀀁is􀀁converted􀀁into􀀁bio-oil􀀁(organic􀀁phase,􀀁oil),􀀁a􀀁gas􀀁phase􀀁(gas),􀀁an􀀁aqueous􀀁phase􀀁 (AQU),􀀁and􀀁a􀀁solid􀀁phase􀀁(solid)􀀁in􀀁the􀀁HTL􀀁reactor.􀀁The􀀁HTL􀀁reactor􀀁output􀀁enters􀀁the􀀁 solid-liquid􀀁separator,􀀁where􀀁solid􀀁particles􀀁like􀀁char􀀁and􀀁ash􀀁are􀀁separated􀀁from􀀁the􀀁 reactor􀀁products􀀁before􀀁the􀀁output􀀁flows􀀁into􀀁the􀀁heat􀀁exchanger􀀁and􀀁cools􀀁down􀀁while􀀁 heating􀀁the􀀁feed􀀁stream.􀀁After􀀁passing􀀁through􀀁the􀀁depressurizing􀀁valve,􀀁the􀀁products􀀁 flow􀀁into􀀁a􀀁three-phase􀀁separator􀀁and􀀁are􀀁separated􀀁into􀀁gas,􀀁aqueous,􀀁and􀀁oil􀀁phases