Semiconductor is the main part of the photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this study, an evaluation
was conducted on two different morphological shapes of TiO2/ZnO semiconductors, namely nanoparticles
(NPs) and nanofibers (NFs), to enhance the efficiency of DSSCs. The nanofibrous semiconductors were fabricated
using the electrospinning technique. Furthermore, a natural sensitizer, anthocyanin dye, was used to promote the
environmental friendliness of the fabricated cells. These cells were then compared to those that used a synthetic
dye known as N719 to determine their efficiencies. The UV–vis results confirmed the extraction of anthocyanin
from black plum fruits (Syzygium cumini). The structural characteristics of the composites were examined using
XRD, FE-SEM, and BET experiments. The XRD results revealed that the anatase phase of TiO2 was dominant in
the crystal structure of the semiconductors, while the crystallite sizes of the composites were 25.04 nm and
12.24 nm in NPs and NFs forms, respectively. The FE-SEM analysis revealed the formation of quasi-spherical NPs
with an average diameter of 48.26 ± 17.75 nm and NFs with an average diameter of 153.99 ± 26.18 nm. The
BET results showed that the surface characteristics of the nanocomposite were enhanced by changing the shape
from NPs to NFs. Photovoltaic studies showed that utilizing NFs semiconductors in the photoanodes of DSSCs
resulted in increased conversion efficiency of light to electricity. The results of the sun simulator studies
confirmed that the use of natural dye led to a decrease in the effectiveness of the DSSCs. This phenomenon can be
attributed to the weaker binding of the natural dye to the photoanodes. Furthermore, the EIS investigations
illustrated that the electron lifetime in the natural dye is more than twice that of N719, leading to a reduced rate
of electron recombination in the Syzygium cumini extract. The TiO2/ZnO NFs photoanodes exhibited superior
performance compared t