Sara Zare karizak

Background Statistics indicate that approximately 25,000 open heart surgeries are performed annually in Iran, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries make up 50 to 60%. Although CABG offers numerous benefits to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), there have been reports of negative consequences like HF in some cases. Method The present manuscript has explored several influential blood indices related to HF following CABG surgery in extracted PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar manuscripts. Our examination has focused on indicators that can exacerbate HF, including fibrotic factors such as catecholamine and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Conversely, it has also investigated anti-fibrotic factors, including adrenomedullin (ADM), the natriuretic peptide system (NPS), NP-converting enzymes, and NP receptors. Additionally, it evaluated the impact of different exercise training on these variables. Results Some fibrotic factors, such as catecholamines, the RAAS, and others, in contrast to some anti-fibrosis factors, such as NPs and their producing enzymes, their receptors, their production and excretion processes, ADM, and so on, have been reported to be affected by exercise rehabilitation. The present study has reported the positive effects of exercise rehabilitation in reducing fibrotic factors and increasing anti-fibrosis factors. Conclusion All types of exercise training, including endurance, resistance, and combined training in continuous and interval modes with moderate and high intensity, can delay the fibrotic pathways after surgery and prevent subsequent adverse structural (pathologic hypertrophy) and functional changes in the heart, like HF.