Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of hesperidin powder in the diet on some growth indices, hematology, immune parameters and antioxidant enzymes of common carp. Juveniles with an average weight of 30.02 ± 1.28 g were fed a diet containing hesperidin powder at different levels of zero (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg basal diet for 8 weeks in a completely randomized design in 4 treatments and 3 replications. At the end of the bioassay experiment, blood was taken from apparently healthy fish samples and growth indices, immune indices, metabolic enzyme activities as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and serum lipid oxidation index were measured. The results indicated an increase in growth performance and nutritional indices, red blood cell and white blood cell indices, immune indices, liver enzyme activity and antioxidant enzymes in the experimental treatments fed with the diet containing hesperidin powder supplement. On the other hand, the condition factor, feed conversion ratio and survival rate of common carp were not affected by different levels of hesperidin powder during the experimental period. A significant decrease in the activity of liver enzymes was observed in fish fed with hesperidin powder in the diet compared to the control treatment, with the 200 mg treatment showing the lowest level. A significant increase in the number of red blood cells and white blood cells as well as in the activity of lysozyme, immunoglobulin and serum antioxidant enzymes was obtained in the treatment fed with the diet containing 200 mg of compared to other treatments. The results of this study showed that a level of 200 mg of hesperidin per kilogram of diet had a positive effect on the performance of growth indices, feed efficiency, liver health, metabolic enzymes, immunity, and antioxidant defense of common carp.