gholamreza Badzohreh

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing sectors of animal protein supply in the world, but the widespread and often inappropriate use of antibiotics to control bacterial diseases has created serious challenges, including the emergence of antibiotic resistance, environmental pollution, and threats to public health. To reduce the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, new strategies such as the use of vaccination and immune-stimulating additives in aquatic animals should be considered, while paying attention to biosecurity.Organic acids, aquatic animals, growth, immunity, stress.