هادی کشاورز

Background: Increasing the exploitation of oil and gas and keeping each countries' share in the world market, has caused a great damage to the environment. Exploiting oil and gas from the depth of earth and seas attributed to damages in water, air and soil and also entered the carbonate and non-carbonate residuals to the environment. These pollutions directly affects air quality, ecosystems and fishing as well as indirectly influencing the health of mankind and the rest of living beings. They vary in different countries based on factors such as, place, amount, conditions and the rules of exploitation in addition to the population and the attitude of the society Aim: primary goal of this study is to examine the impact of oil and gas production on the performance of environment in some of the countries which produce and export oil and gas as well as examining the influence of oil and gas production on three environmental sub-indexes (fishing, air quality and water sources) as a secondary goal. Methodology: Nine countries (Iran, Russian, Aljazeera, Qatar, Oman, United Arabs Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrein and Saudi Arabia) which are the major producers and exporters of oil and gas and were examined in the years of 4000- 4062 are used as the population of this study. The results are analyzed with simultaneous equation system based on Panel data. Result: The impact of oil and gas production on the environment (with 4sls method) is negative and statistically significant. Moreover the results of 1sls indicates the negative influence of oil and gas production on water resources and air quality considering the economical factor; as well as a positive and non-significant influence on the fishing. Conclusions: according to the findings of the study, the production of oil and gas has a negative and significant influence on the Environment Performance Index (EPI). This fact indicates the negative and damaging impact of oil and gas production on the performance of in the selected count