Herbal medicine is an extraordinary source of bioactive compounds, and developing them can aid in the wound
healing process. This study focuses on the optimal production of nanofibres containing an effective herbal
extract. The nanofibres were produced by electrospinning a polymer solution containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
and sodium alginate (ALG) with Pistacia atlantica oil (PAO) (0, 1.5%, and 2.5% (w/v)). The PAO is rich in
different biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The addition
of 1.5% (w/v) PAO to PVA/ALG solutions increased surface tension and conductivity by 3.5% and 3.86%,
respectively. Besides, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the diameter of the nanofibres
increased from 191 nm ± 15 nm–259 nm ± 10 nm. According to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
results, the nanofibres loaded with 1.5% (w/v) PAO exhibited higher thermal stability compared to PVA/ALG
nanofibres without PAO. Based on the in vitro drug release experiments, the PAO release from nanofibres followed
the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the pseudo-Fickian mechanism. Cell culture and cytotoxicity assay results
illustrated that the PAO-loaded nanofibres had non-cytotoxic effects against L-929 cells with suitable
fibroblast cell proliferation and cell viability. Animal test results showed that the PAO-loaded nanofibres
significantly enhanced wound closure by 92.07% compared to PAO-unloaded nanofibres (p < 0.02). The wound
healing ability of PAO was also confirmed by the histopathological findings, with PAO increasing reepithelization
and successfully attenuating tissue inflammation. Overall, this study introduces a new type of
wound dressing containing PAO, a wound healing stimulant with excellent properties such as uniform structure,
antibacterial activity, and breathability. Consequently, the results suggest that the investigated nanofibres may
merit being considered as an ideal wound dressing for future clin