Abstract
Cut roses, due to their high ornamental and economic value, require effective strategies to
extend postharvest longevity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles,
graphene oxide, and plasma-activated water, applied individually and in combination, on the
physiological traits and vase life of cut roses. To evaluate vase life, the first experiment was
conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications and eight treatments:
distilled water, distilled water + silver nanoparticles, distilled water + graphene oxide, distilled
water + silver nanoparticles + graphene oxide, plasma-activated water, plasma-activated water
+ silver nanoparticles, plasma-activated water + graphene oxide, and plasma-activated water +
silver nanoparticles + graphene oxide. To monitor changes in physiological traits over time, a
second experiment was designed as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized
design with three replications; the first factor included the same eight treatments, and the
second factor was sampling time at 3, 6, and 15 days after treatment application. Results
indicated that the treatment combining plasma-activated water, silver nanoparticles, and
graphene oxide exhibited the most pronounced positive effects on fresh weight (143.3 g), dry
weight (6.39 g), flower diameter (74.33 mm), and solution uptake (0.45 mL·g⁻¹) on day 3. This
treatment also produced the longest vase life (26 days). Regarding microbial assessment in the
solutions, the treatments of distilled water + silver nanoparticles + graphene oxide and plasmaactivated water + silver nanoparticles + graphene oxide showed the lowest microbial
contamination at the final day. Moreover, the lowest bacterial count in the stem was observed
in the plasma-activated water + silver nanoparticles treatment. In contrast, distilled water alone
showed the weakest performance across all parameters. Overall, the results suggest that the
combination of plasma-activated water
