Najmeh Nowrouzi

In this method, acenaphthoquinone was first employed as an electron-accepting core and reacted with 2-nitroethane-1,1-diamines. The reaction was carried out in the presence of lead tetraacetate, Pb(OAc)₄, as the oxidizing agent under appropriate conditions. The process involves the formation of a cyclic intermediate followed by isochromene ring closure, leading to a stable aromatic structure. Optimization studies were performed to evaluate the effects of solvent, temperature, and substrate ratio on the final yield. This reaction successfully afforded benzo[de]isochromenes in good yields. The structures of the final compounds were confirmed by ^1H NMR and ^13C NMR spectra. It was observed that the type of substituent on either the amine or the acenaphthoquinone could influence both the yield and selectivity of the reaction.