Background: Chamomile medicinal plant is used in many countries in the form of dried flowers and essential oil in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and health industries, and in recent years it has become one of the best-selling medicinal plants in the world. In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of German chamomile populations collected from different parts of Iran using morphological, biochemical traits and molecular marker ssr, two field experiments were conducted, one in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of the Persian Gulf University and the other in the field of molecular markers in the research institute. Persian Gulf was performed on leaf samples collected from the field.
Aim: There is a genetic and morphological difference between German chamomile native populations of different regions that can be used as valuable genetic resources for the breeding of this medicinal plant, which can be the basis for the selection of medicinal plant cultivars for different regions. In this research, this variety of their genetic differences was investigated in the form of examining morphological traits and genotypic data obtained from examining the molecular marker of ssr.
Methodology: Different German chamomile populations collected from different regions were used as a statistical population, and the phenological traits of the number of days to greening and the number of days to flowering were recorded by calculating the number of days to 70% greening and the number of days to 50% flowering of the plants, respectively. Plant height was measured in centimeters in each plot. The measurement of the diameter of the flower and the whale was recorded using a wet and dry weight caliper in each crease by means of a digital scale. The essential oil was extracted using a Clonger machine and the percentage of camazolin was measured using a spectrophotometer. Chlorophyll a and b were also calculated in the laboratory. DNA extraction was done