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Abstract
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CaF2:Tm nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Intense afterglow emission
with long life time was found for the produced NPs, so its applicability in photodynamic therapy was
investigated. Since the wavelength of the afterglow emission of the NPs fairly matches with the
absorption band of the PpIX sensitizer, especially in the red region, the Cystein mediator was used to
bond NPs with the PpIX sensitizer. The CaF2:Tm NPs conjugated with PpIX was exposed to X-ray and by
using the Antracene as detector, the production of the singlet oxygen was verified. Therefore, the produced
NPs are recommended as a source of energy that improves photodynamic therapy beyond its
current limitations.
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