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Abstract
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Petroleum hydrocarbons are an important energy reserves but due to increased industrial activity and non-compliance with environmental regulations, also they are the source of the pollution in the onshore and offshore environments. Environmental pollution due to marine transport, pollution leaks from underground tanks, events oiler, oil refining and oil production and a serious threat to the health of ecosystems and humans. Clean up methods include physical methods, chemical and natural factors. Physical and chemical methods not completely remove and sometimes harmful to the ecosystem. Biodegradation of oil pollution, affordable and effective in economically important and eliminate pollution complementally. In this method the microorganisms use hydrocarbons as an energy source and degrade and remove them from the environment. Biodegradation is two kinds: Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation. In the first method by using nutrients, increased indigenous microorganisms growth and microorganism’s removal contamination but in the second method effective microorganism is not available in the region, so these microorganisms added in environment.
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