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Keywords
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Life cycle assement (LCA), desalination, minimum liquid discharge (MLD), Reverse Osmosis (RO), Nanofiltration (NF),
Membrane distillation (MD)
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Abstract
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With regard to sustainable development goals (SDG) 6, access to reliable water is an important and vital challenge
in the world. In this study, 4 desalination plants based on reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and membrane
distillation (MD) were investigated with a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to be implemented in Persian Gulf region.
The individual RO, hybrid RO-RO, hybrid NF-RO, and hybrid RO-MD systems were evaluated from the perspective of
freshwater recovery rate, climate change potential (global warming), eutrophication potential, ecotoxicity potential, and
fossil depletion potential. It has been found the RO-MD and RO-RO were able to achieve the aim of minimal or minimum
liquid discharge (MLD) strategy. Although the NF-RO is able to be used in MLD and ZLD technologies for seawater
desalination, it is not appropriate approach for brackish water desalination to achieve the MLD strategy.
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