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Abstract
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This paper presents an advanced operational framework for large-scale combined heat and power (CHP)-based multi-carrier energy (MCE) networks integrating both electrical and gas energy storage systems (EESS and GESS). A novel coordinated controller is developed to regulate energy flows by managing charging and discharging cycles of storage units while stabilizing electricity and gas supply to CHP units. The operational optimization problem is solved using a parameter-free Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm, which efficiently minimizes total costs and enhances system flexibility. The proposed approach is validated on a comprehensive testbed comprising the IEEE 14-bus power system, the Belgian natural gas network, and district heating subsystems. Results showed that the presence of EESS reduced the total operation cost of the network by about 0.075%, while the use of GESS increased the operation cost by about 0.024%. Overall, the framework significantly improves operational cost efficiency, energy flow stability, and network resilience compared to existing methods. This work provides valuable insights into the integration and coordinated control of multi-energy storage in CHP-based MCE networks, contributing to the development of more sustainable and flexible energy systems.
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