Name Mohammad Ali Gashmard Affiliation PhD Candidate, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Degree — Website — Email — Journal Articles Conference Articles Projects Books Theses Speeches Innovations TitleJournal 1 The Role of the Al-Buwayhids’ Tolerance (Tasāhul) and Forbearance (Tasāmuḥ) in Islamic Culture and Civilization international journal of multicultural and multireligious understanding 8 (2025) 594-603