Ebrahim Rajabpour

Background: In recent decades, organizations, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), have been exposed to an environment characterized by instability, complexity, increasing competition, technological changes, economic crises, and political transformations. In such an environment, organizational resilience, as one of the most important strategic capabilities, plays a decisive role in the survival, sustainability, and continuity of organizational performance. On the other hand, strategic orientation and dynamic capabilities help organizations identify opportunities, reconfigure resources, and adapt to changing environmental conditions. In this regard, strategic agility also serves as a key factor that enables organizations to respond quickly and intelligently to environmental changes. Despite the importance of these variables, the simultaneous examination of the impact of strategic orientation and dynamic capabilities on organizational resilience through the mediating role of strategic agility, particularly in Afghan SMEs, has received limited attention from researchers. Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic orientation and dynamic capabilities on organizational resilience through the mediating role of strategic agility in SMEs in Balkh Province, Afghanistan. The study seeks to explain the mechanisms through which strategic variables influence the enhancement of organizational resilience and to evaluate the role of strategic agility in these relationships. Methodology: In terms of purpose, this study is applied research; in terms of data collection, it is field-based; and in terms of strategy, it is descriptive-survey research with a deductive approach based on the positivist philosophy. The statistical population consisted of managers and top employees of SMEs in Balkh Province, Afghanistan. To collect the required data and information, a standard questionnaire was used. The statistical population includ