The World Wars—particularly the Second World War—played a pivotal role in shaping diasporic communities across Europe and beyond. The occupation of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union, accompanied by the mass deportation of Polish citizens to Siberia and Central Asia, displaced vast segments of the population, including women, children, and military families. Following their release from Soviet labor camps, many of these individuals were subsequently relocated to Iran. Recognizing the historical importance of this migration, the present study investigates the causes, conditions, and implications of the Polish diaspora’s presence in Iran between 1942 and 1945 (1320–1323 AH). It specifically explores their cultural, social, and political interactions with the host society. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach grounded in library research, archival documents, historical periodicals, and oral history sources. The analysis focuses on the migration routes from the Soviet Union to Iran and examines the living conditions of Polish refugees in various camps and urban centers across the country. Findings derived from the study demonstrate that Robin Cohen’s theoretical model of diaspora provides a valuable lens through which to interpret this historical experience. After enduring exile in the Soviet Union, Polish refugees in Iran were able to reconstruct their national identity through active engagement in social, cultural, and political spheres, fostering meaningful connections with the local population. Consequently, the Polish experience in Iran illustrates that forced displacement and exile, while profoundly challenging, also created conditions conducive to cultural renewal and community resilience. The reciprocal exchanges between the Polish diaspora and Iranian society ultimately contributed to the endurance and cohesion of these migrant communities within their new environment.