Ehsan Heidarzadeh

Background and Purpose: Many urban communities worldwide face various patterns of destruction and hooliganism, along with their negative consequences. This threat often targets public and even private properties and infrastructure, sometimes causing irreparable damage to urban spaces. The present study aims to identify exemplary indicators and factors of hooliganism and to categorize its types in two coastal parks—“Siadat “and “Marjan”—in the port-city of Bushehr. Method: The statistical population consisted of visitors to these two coastal parks, and 100 individuals (50 per park) were selected from among the visitors through purposive sampling. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis in SPSS was used to classify and explain the types of hooliganism. Findings: According to the results, 18 indicators of hooliganism in the parks can be categorized into five types: "destruction of recreational and amenity elements”, “destruction of infrastructural elements" ,"destruction of services elements," "destruction of environmental elements," and "destruction of visual and aesthetic elements." Together, these categories explain approximately 58% of the variance in factors. Conclusion: The final findings of this study indicate that the intensity of hooliganism is higher in “Marjan Park”, which is located farther from Bushehr’s activity and residential centers, compared to “Siadat Park”. This issue suggests the importance of the presence of citizens and tourists, and the supervisory role they may play in deterring individuals inclined toward destructive behavior. Finally, solutions for reducing the intensity of hooliganism in these two urban spaces are submitted.