لیلا کرمی

Chamomile with the scientific name of (Matricaria chamomilla L) and chromosome number of 2n=2x=18 belonged to the Ateraceae which is herbaceous, annual and medicinal value they is not secret through breeding values. To check the effect of Trifluralin on polyploidy induction and making morphological, physiological, cystogenical variation two individual tests have been done factorial and in randomized complete block design following three type factors, the concentration of Trifluralin and duration of treatment with three replications done. In this test using two different types of chamomile which respectively belonged to local type of Boushehr called Doroud Dashtestan and a modified type called bouna. The concentration of trifluralin on four steps were (zero, 7.5, 15, and 22.5 micromole) and duration of treatment on two levels were (12 and 24 hour on seedling treatment), (48, 72 hour on terminal bud treatment). On the first test, the treatment on the seed and the second was done on the terminal Meristem. On the following of monitoring cosmetic variations and checking stomata characteristic , the evaluation was done of each treatment numbers of sample in order to count chromosome , so that through cytogenetic studies and counting chromosome's cells of root tips, the number chromosome on both types the diploid (2n=2x=18) altered to tetraploid (2n=2x=36) comparing the characteristics of diploid and tetraploid plants present increasing the levels polyploidy in chamomile caused decreasing the number of stomata and also increasing the size of the aperture and the number of chloroplasts on stomata guard cells, and also the stomata width and length , and additionally content of a, b , and the total and increase ploidy level which caused reducing plants height, then the number of branches additionally stem, flower, and receptacle diameter also increase the length and width and thickness of leaf. Studies illustrated that on the first test, each factors of treatment concentratio