Comparative literature is a science that focuses on exploring the relationships between the literatures of nations or the relationship between literature and other human sciences and the fine arts. The main objective behind these researches is to obtain more knowledge, whether by comparing the etiquette of nations or comparing literature with other sciences. Thus, this science leads to an increase in rapprochement and knowledge, and finally the establishment of bridges of communication between different nations through the gateway to literature and culture, as literature is one of its most important parts. In this study, we focus most of our attention on comparing the fictional works of Mohammad Ali Jamal-Zadeh and Mikhaeil Noaimeh as pioneers of the short story in Persian and Arabic literature from different aspects, with a focus on social issues in Iranian and Lebanese societies through the study of Persian literature with Arabic literature in the field of the short story and their relationship with Other human sciences, including social sciences, with the aim of further knowledge and finding bridges between the two societies and revealing the hidden goals behind their resorting to short stories in that similar time period. We adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and the theory of analogies in comparative literature, which are affiliated with the American and Eastern European schools of comparative literature. The French School of Comparative Literature was also used to demonstrate influence and influence wherever necessary. The results showed a great convergence between the authors’ views in the field of literature and language, especially the story-novel and the short story- and their treatment of social issues of concern to the Iranian and Lebanese societies in that time period until the reform. The results also proved their one source in the field of literature, especially short stories, how to write them, addressing social issues, and their inspiration