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Abstract
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n this study, a red seaweed (Solieria robusta) containing ι-carrageenan (Carr) was used for nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis using
silver (Ag) ions. Initially, the ι-Carr was extracted from S. robusta using the alkali method. Te Carr extracted was fractionated into
3 fractions and > 14 kDa fraction showing high yield with maximum sulfate content characterized using Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR) as ι-Carr was used for AgNPs synthesis. Te synthesized CarrAgNPs were again used for curcumin (Cur)
encapsulation. Te cytotoxicity of Carr, Cur, CarrAgNPs, and CurCarrAgNPs was evaluated using HeLa cell lines by MTT assay.
Te CarrAgNPs and CurCarrAgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, as well as FT-IR and XRD analysis. Te
UV-visible spectrum confrms the CarrAgNPs showing characteristic SPR bands recorded between 344 and 490 nm with broad
peak at 430 nm. Te shape of the NPs is spherical, arranged in order of seven per chain. Te XRD and FT-IR characteristics
confrm the orthorhombic crystal structure of these NPs. Remarkably, Cur-loaded CarrAgNPs demonstrate potent anticancer
properties by maximum reduction of HeLa cell viability after 24 h at 200 μg/mL in pH 7.4 in an MTT assay medium. A signifcant
increase in the cancer cell viability was recorded at high concentrations of CurCarrAgNPs, confrming its less difusion and
dissolution properties and bioavailability due to lipophilic Cur encapsulation, whereas cytotoxicity was increased proportionately
by increasing concentrations of Cur, Carr, and CarrAgNPs that confrm a direct relation with size, dissolution, and bioavailability
recorded on the basis of cell death in 24 h of introduction at pH 7.4. Te cytotoxicity results suggest the potential of Cur, Carr,
CarrAgNPs, and CurCarrAgNPs for drug delivery in selective biomedical product developments. Tis study highlights the
versatility and efectiveness of CurCarrAgNPs in cancer therapy by enhancing the efcacy of therapeutic interventions and
targeted drug delivery
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