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چکیده
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Chamomile with the scientific name of (Matricaria chamomilla L) and chromosome
number of 2n=2x=18 belonged to the Ateraceae which is herbaceous, annual and medicinal
value they is not secret through breeding values. To check the effect of Trifluralin on
polyploidy induction and making morphological, physiological, cystogenical variation two
individual tests have been done factorial and in randomized complete block design
following three type factors, the concentration of Trifluralin and duration of treatment with
three replications done. In this test using two different types of chamomile which
respectively belonged to local type of Boushehr called Doroud Dashtestan and a modified
type called bouna. The concentration of trifluralin on four steps were (zero, 7.5, 15, and 22.5
micromole) and duration of treatment on two levels were (12 and 24 hour on seedling
treatment), (48, 72 hour on terminal bud treatment). On the first test, the treatment on the
seed and the second was done on the terminal Meristem. On the following of monitoring
cosmetic variations and checking stomata characteristic , the evaluation was done of each
treatment numbers of sample in order to count chromosome , so that through cytogenetic
studies and counting chromosome's cells of root tips, the number chromosome on both types
the diploid (2n=2x=18) altered to tetraploid (2n=2x=36) comparing the characteristics of
diploid and tetraploid plants present increasing the levels polyploidy in chamomile caused
decreasing the number of stomata and also increasing the size of the aperture and the
number of chloroplasts on stomata guard cells, and also the stomata width and length , and
additionally content of a, b , and the total and increase ploidy level which caused reducing
plants height, then the number of branches additionally stem, flower, and receptacle
diameter also increase the length and width and thickness of leaf. Studies illustrated that on
the first test, each factors of treatment concentratio
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